A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of the Degree of "licence en langue et littératures Anglaises".

Résumé,

This work examines how Ayi Kwei Armah the literary techniques of symbolism and satire to criticize the socio political and economic situaton of Ghana through his Novel Fragments. The work explores the authr's use of different linguistic devices of symbolism and satire to reveal the despair, social fragmentation and the socio political instability that plague the post independence period of his country. This work further how the author skilfully creates the characters that symbolically incarnate the post-independence situation of Ghana. This work is based on the hypothesis that Ayi Kwei Armah uses symbolism and satire in Fragments to criticize Ghana's leadership during the post-colonial time which was characterized by corruption, bribery, ignorance, theft, and lack of African vision, social intability, wars violence and the western alienation. In addition, through symbolism and satire; the author conveys his message as a realistic writer. Conducted using the Formalism approach, this research demonstrates that Ayi Kwei Armah, in Fragments, uses symbolism and satire as important techniques to expose the weaknesses of Ghana during his time.